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A 20 L hollow-fiber submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) was used to treat real domestic wastewater at 25 °C with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 4 to 12 h. The process performance was evaluated by organic removal efficiency, biogas production, sludge yield, and filtration behaviors during one-year's operation. For HRTs ranging between 6 and 12 h, the AnMBR showed good organic removal efficiency with chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiencies of about 89% and 93%, respectively. The biogas yield was 0.26 L-gas/g-COD_fed, with approximately 80% methane content, and the sludge yield was 0.07–0.11 g-VSS/g-COD_rem. While at an HRT of 4 h, with the higher wastewater treatment capacity and organic loading rate (OLR), the biogas production was lower (0.17 L-gas/g-COD_fed), and the sludge production was higher (0.22 g …