View article

Although advances in materials and processing have led to remarkable advancements in the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), increasing from 3.8% to 25.2% in only 10 years, these solar cells cannot become commercially viable unless their underperforming durability is improved. The instability of perovskites must be addressed if PSCs are to compete with silicon technology, which currently offers a 25-year performance warranty. Previous approaches to this problem include the use of metal oxide barrier layers and butyl rubber sealants. Here, we report a low-cost polymer/glass stack encapsulation scheme that enables PSCs to pass the demanding International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61215:2016 Damp Heat and Humidity Freeze tests. These tests help to determine whether solar cell modules can withstand the effects of outdoor operating conditions by …