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A novel approach is presented in this paper for improving the performance of neural-network classifiers in image recognition, segmentation, or coding applications, based on a retraining procedure at the user level. The procedure includes: 1) a training algorithm for adapting the network weights to the current condition; 2) a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation procedure for optimally selecting the most representative data of the current environment as retraining data; and 3) a decision mechanism for determining when network retraining should be activated. The training algorithm takes into consideration both the former and the current network knowledge in order to achieve good generalization. The MAP estimation procedure models the network output as a Markov random field (MRF) and optimally selects the set of training inputs and corresponding desired outputs. Results are presented which illustrate the …