Authors
Brian A Ference, Henry N Ginsberg, Ian Graham, Kausik K Ray, Chris J Packard, Eric Bruckert, Robert A Hegele, Ronald M Krauss, Frederick J Raal, Heribert Schunkert, Gerald F Watts, Jan Borén, Sergio Fazio, Jay D Horton, Luis Masana, Stephen J Nicholls, Børge G Nordestgaard, Bart Van De Sluis, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale Tokgözoğlu, Ulf Landmesser, Ulrich Laufs, Olov Wiklund, Jane K Stock, M John Chapman, Alberico L Catapano
Publication date
2017/8/21
Source
European heart journal
Volume
38
Issue
32
Pages
2459-2472
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Description
Aims
To appraise the clinical and genetic evidence that low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
Methods and results
We assessed whether the association between LDL and ASCVD fulfils the criteria for causality by evaluating the totality of evidence from genetic studies, prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and randomized trials of LDL-lowering therapies. In clinical studies, plasma LDL burden is usually estimated by determination of plasma LDL cholesterol level (LDL-C). Rare genetic mutations that cause reduced LDL receptor function lead to markedly higher LDL-C and a dose-dependent increase in the risk of ASCVD, whereas rare variants leading to lower LDL-C are associated with a correspondingly lower risk of ASCVD. Separate meta-analyses of over 200 prospective cohort studies …
Scholar articles
BA Ference, HN Ginsberg, I Graham, KK Ray… - European heart journal, 2017
BA Ference, HN Ginsberg, I Graham, KK Ray… - Eur Heart J, 2017