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This chapter reviews cross‐species and cross‐cultural evidence regarding the mating strategies and specialized mating psychologies that may be fundamental to humans. Comparative features of social living, sexual dimorphism, and reproductive physiology across primate species reveal insights into the natural mating psychology. The extant evidence suggests humans evolved a pluralistic mating repertoire that differs in adaptive ways across sex and temporal context, personal characteristics such as mate value and ovulatory status, and facultative features of culture and local ecology. The chapter addresses the evolutionary psychology of how men and women pursue short‐term and long‐term mating strategies. Another important question is why an individual man or woman would opt to pursue a long‐term strategy versus a short‐term strategy. In the future, evolutionary perspectives on human mating strategies …