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A system and method for identifying a patient-specific neurosurgery target location is provided. The system receives brain imaging data for a patient that includes tracts and networks in the patient brain, accesses a quantitative connectome atlas comprising population-based, disease-specific structural and functional connectivity maps comprising a pattern of tracts and networks associated with an optimal target area (OTA) identified from a population of patients, and defines the patient-specific neurosurgery target location based on a comparison between a pattern of the tracts and networks from the brain imaging data for the patient and the pattern of tracts and networks associated with the OTA identified from the population of patients in the quantitative connectome atlas. The quantitative connectome atlas comprises a disease-specific, population-based quantitative connectome atlas that identifies an optimal target …