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The connection between forests and water resources is well established, but the relationships among controlling factors are only partly understood. Concern over the effects of forestry operations, particularly harvesting, on extreme flooding events is a recurrent issue in forest and watershed management. Due to the complexity of the system, and the cost of installing large-scale hydrologic studies, data are usually limited. Therefore, hydrologic models are employed to evaluate specific land use issues during extreme conditions. Our objectives were to review literature regarding: (1) relevant forest hydrology concepts, (2) the effects of silviculture and forest operations on peak discharges and flood yields, and (3) the suitability of existing modeling approaches for assessing these effects on extreme peak discharges. Numerous studies have shown that the effects of forest operations on streamflow vary, and that the …