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amount of information available about the type and duration of ART exposure. When HIV-uninfected control groups have been included, they are often not matched on important, traditional risk factors that may be more prevalent in HIV groups, such as smoking. It is important that data from studies including HIV and non–HIV-infected control subjects contain complete information on traditional risk factors, including smoking, to assess the relative contribution of these risk factors to CVD rates and to determine whether HIV per se is a marker for a subgroup of patients with increased traditional CVD risk markers. Despite methodological limitations inherent in the use of preexisting or administrative databases, some consistent themes have emerged from the existing research in this area, namely, that traditional CVD risk factors and relative CVD disease rates are increased in HIV-infected patients, although absolute rates …