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Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and surface‐based morphometry (SBM) are two widely used neuroimaging techniques for investigating brain anatomy. These techniques rely on statistical inferences at individual points (voxels or vertices), clusters of points, or a priori regions‐of‐interest. They are powerful tools for describing brain anatomy, but offer little insights into the generative processes that shape a particular set of findings. Moreover, they are restricted to a single spatial resolution scale, precluding the opportunity to distinguish anatomical variations that are expressed across multiple scales. Drawing on concepts from classical physics, here we develop an approach, called mode‐based morphometry (MBM), that can describe any empirical map of anatomical variations in terms of the fundamental, resonant modes—eigenmodes—of brain anatomy, each tied to a specific spatial scale. Hence, MBM naturally …