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The essential oil of the aerial parts of Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae) was examined by GC and GC–MS. Eighteen constituents were identified. Carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, isocaryophyllene, β-bisabolene and α-bisabolol were found to be the major components. The oil exhibited antibacterial activity against fourteen Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.