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The combined use of thermal energy storage (TES) technologies and heat pumps in building energy systems has been approved to achieve demand-side management. Although there is an increasing number of case studies about the TES applications, crosswise techno-economic evaluations of different technologies are rare, especially for applications in individual heating systems where the storage temperature range is less than 20 K. Hence, in this study, three TES options; water tank (WT), phase change material tank, and building thermal mass (BTM) are simulated and compared. A systematic analysis approach was proposed to assure impartial comparisons of the energy performance and the life-cycle costs (LCC). Special focus was paid on practical issues such as restricted charging power for different TES technologies. It was found that the majority of LCC savings arises from the peak load reduction. The …