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Seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) allows storing heat for long-term and thus promotes the shifting of waste heat resources from summer to winter to decarbonize the district heating (DH) systems. Despite being a promising solution for sustainable energy system, large-scale STES for urban regions is lacking due to the relatively high initial investment and extensive land use. To close the gap, this study assesses the potentials of using two naturally available structures for STES, namely valley and ground pit sites. Based on geographical information system (GIS) methods, the available locations are searched from digital elevation model and selected considering several criteria from land uses and construction difficulties. The costs of dams to impound the reservoir and the yielded storage capacities are then quantified to guide the choice of suitable sites. The assessment is conducted for the northern China …