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Climate services aim to provide climate information to aid decision-making. However, in practice their effectiveness is hampered by factors such as incompatibility with decisions, neglect of user’s context, and limited understanding of the information provided. Enhancing climate services’ user orientation necessitates capacity building to bolster the knowledge and collaborative skills among actors in the climate production chain. This study introduces a learning framework for capacity building in climate services that was developed using iterative systematic cycles for educational design research. The framework contains seven steps, along with relevant guiding questions, derived from the evaluation of case studies and the trainer’s experiences in 21 training events conducted under the User Learning Services (ULS) of the Copernicus Climate Change (C3S). Overall, this study offers a learning framework that can guide …