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Social media has transformed itself into a set of interlocking operating systems, designed not simply to facilitate established forms of communicative usage and political organization but to serve as platforms for a new generation of commercial services. As users shift their online activity to social media sites, they accelerate the decline of a destination web whose open protocols are being replaced by closed environments modeled on the walled-garden architectures of online stores. Organized around user-as-product paradigms that encourage information sharing to build massive databases, the political economy of this transformation of user agency has already been analyzed as biolinguistic capitalism, or the social production of value. Complementing these analyses of an expropriation of leisure time, the effective enmeshment of communicative and economic practice, and the integration of users into stream-based …