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In this paper, processes of rural gentrification are assessed in the post-Soviet context. In-depth, qualitative interviews were undertaken with 22 dacha (second country home) owners and 11 rural dwellers in two Russian regions. We draw on Bourdieu's concepts of capital exchange to assess processes of capital investment, social-up grading, landscape change and population displacement. Findings demonstrate a diverse range of approaches to dacha occupation, grounded in the Soviet legacy of elite and subsistence dacha cultures. Gentrification processes are distinguished in three types of dacha settlement: (1) the spread of gated communities through supergentrification and the ‘new dachniki’ movement, (2) transformations within dacha and garden comradeships through inheritance and reorientation of dacha food practices, and (3) gentrification in traditional villages, which features seasonal migration of urban …