Authors
Zhihua Xia, Xinhui Wang, Xingming Sun, Quansheng Liu, Naixue Xiong
Publication date
2016/2
Journal
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Volume
75
Issue
4
Pages
1947-1962
Publisher
Springer US
Description
This paper models the messages embedded by spatial least significant bit (LSB) matching as independent noises to the cover image, and reveals that the histogram of the differences between pixel gray values is smoothed by the stego bits despite a large distance between the pixels. Using the characteristic function of difference histogram (DHCF), we prove that the center of mass of DHCF (DHCF COM) decreases after messages are embedded. Accordingly, the DHCF COMs are calculated as distinguishing features from the pixel pairs with different distances. The features are calibrated with an image generated by average operation, and then used to train a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The experimental results prove that the features extracted from the differences between nonadjacent pixels can help to tackle LSB matching as well.
Total citations
201520162017201820192020202120222023202417961289740219796
Scholar articles
Z Xia, X Wang, X Sun, Q Liu, N Xiong - Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2016