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Estuarine and coastal ecosystems support human populations in myriad ways. Traditionally, researchers have focused on the biophysical processes that underlie these benefits and their economic values. In the decade since the 1st Treatise, the literature on cultural ecosystem services, human health benefits, and the equitable distribution of societal benefits and burdens has grown tremendously. In this chapter we outline three dimensions of equity as they relate to estuarine and coastal ecosystems: procedural, recognitional, and distributional equity. We then apply the dimensions of equity to a suite of provisioning, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services. Finally, we explore trade-offs and beneficiaries of these ecosystem services using three case studies that consider equity in a variety of estuarine and coastal management decisions.