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In this paper, a sleep-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation (SDBA) algorithm and the supporting protocol are proposed for maximizing energy efficiency while satisfying the end-user QoS constraints on downstream (DS) and upstream (US) transmissions in 10G-EPONs. The SDBA maximizes the Optical Network Unit (ONU) polling cycle to increase the time for which each ONU sleeps outside the allocated timeslot. The polling cycle, however, is computed by considering QoS constraints (i.e., frame delay and loss rate) of all the transmissions given their finite data buffers to provide the users with the requested QoS. Moreover, based on the observed traffic conditions, the SDBA can allow an ONU to sleep for the whole or for a part of the allocated timeslot by assigning just enough bandwidth to transmit both DS and US traffic accumulated during ONU sleep time. FGPA-based design and evaluation of 10G-EPON systems …