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Temperature plays a primary role in anaerobic digestion, since it shapes microbial ecosystems, and consequently regulates the stability performance of anaerobic digestion process. Although changes in microbial community and composition at different temperatures have also previously been discussed in some experimental studies. However, until now, this aspect of the regulation of the temperature gradient on microbial communities have not yet well been reviewed. Additionally, these previous studies did not observe the classical three-peak model regarding methane production rates owing to limitations to the temperature range and the broad gradient interval. Furthermore, some microorganisms that lived at “extreme” temperatures have been reported in some previous studies, it provides a possibility for industrial applications of anaerobic digestion in cold regions or for sanitation purposes on the basis of …