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Personality research is usually perceived as lying towards the “softer” end of psychological inquiry, seemingly far from the “harder” neural mechanisms, processes, and neurological lesions which are the daily stuff of neuropsychology. As biologically-oriented personality psychologists, however, we have always tried to couch our proposals in brain- behavioural terms and have even offered suggestions as to the “neuropsychology” of personality traits such as anxiety and their related clinical conditions (e.g., Gray, 1982). Furthermore, several other personality theorists have also drawn from the rich materials of behavioural neuroscience (e.g., Cloninger, Svracik, & Przybeck, 1993; Depue & Collins, 1999; Zuckerman, 1991). In this chapter we continue to apply our neuropsychological approach to personality: specifically focusing on the effects of personality traits on learning tasks.