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Early-life stress (ES) has been associated with diverse forms of psychopathology. Some investigators suggest that these associations reflect the effects of stress on the neural circuits that support cognitive control. However, very few prior studies have examined the associations between ES, cognitive control, and underlying neural architecture. The present study compares adolescents with a documented history of ES to typical adolescents on a cognitive control task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twelve ES adolescents who were adopted because of early caregiver deprivation (9 females, age=13 years±2.58) and 21 healthy control adolescents without a history of ES (10 females, age=13 years±1.96) who resided with their biological parents performed the change task (Nelson, Vinton et al., 2007) – a variant of the stop task – during fMRI. Behaviourally, ES adolescents took longer to switch from …