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The effects that changes in forest structure and composition have on wildlife have often been considered independently, such that the potential for interactive effects has received relatively little attention. We investigated the importance of vegetation structure, floristic composition, and their interaction for predicting bird distribution in mixed broadleaf–conifer forest. We collected vegetation and bird data at 979 stations in a watershed in southern Oregon in the spring of 2001. At each station, we described the vegetation using measures of structure (total vegetation volume) and of floristic composition (broadleaf–conifer composition). We then used logistic regression to model the probability of occurrence of bird species as a function of these 2 variables, their quadratic terms, and their interaction. Using stepwise model selection we identified the best model for each species and used area under the curve (AUC) scores to …