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Heat shock response is an adaptive response, which helps the cells to regulate their physiological homeostasis under stress. Here we show that the natural compound curcumin induces nuclear translocation of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF)-1, its binding to a heat shock regulatory element (HSE), and the subsequent activation of the hsp70 promoter through the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen activated protein (MAP) ERK (MEK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, but not through p38. We observe that curcumin activates of hsp70A and hsp70B mRNA transcription, increases of HSP protein expression but decreases the expression of Bag-1, a Hsp70 co-chaperone in K562 cells. This induction of Hsp70 protein expression goes in line with the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties of curcumin in chronic myelogenous leukemia.