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A review of the technologies for coal-based power generation closest to commercial application involving carbon capture is presented. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) developments are primarily adaptations of conventional combustion systems, with additional unit operations such as bulk oxygen supply, CO₂ capture by sorbents, CO₂ compression, and storage. They use pulverized coal combustion in entrained flow—the dominant current technology for coal-based power, or gasification in entrained flow, although similar concepts apply to other solid–gas contacting systems such as fluidized beds. Currently, the technologies have similar generation efficiencies and are associated with efficiency penalties and electricity cost increases due to operations required for carbon capture. The R&D challenges identified for the combustion scientist and engineer, with current understanding being detailed, are those of …