Authors
Alexandru D Asandei, Isaac W Moran, Gobinda Saha, Yanhui Chen
Publication date
2006/4/1
Journal
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry
Volume
44
Issue
7
Pages
2156-2165
Publisher
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Description
The effects of the reducing agent, temperature, and epoxide/Ti and Ti/Zn ratios were investigated for the Cp2TiCl‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of styrene initiated by epoxide radical ring opening. No reduction of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride occurred with Cu, Devarda's alloy, Ni, Ce, Cr, Sn, Mo, and ascorbic acid, whereas Al, lithium nitride, Mn, Sm, and Fe led to free‐radical or poorly controlled polymerizations. The best results were obtained with Zn alloy, powder, or nanoparticles. Nano‐Zn provided the lowest polydispersity index values, highest initiator efficiency (IE), and fastest reaction rate while maintaining a well‐defined living polymerization. Progressively lower polydispersity was obtained with an increasing excess of Zn with an optimum at Cp2TiCl/Zn = 1/2. This was rationalized through the heterogeneous nature of Zn and its possible involvement in the reversible termination step. The …
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