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The clinical approach to hormonal contraception is based on the integration of two points of view. On the one side we have to consider the specific needs and the biological characteristics of the girl or the woman asking for contraception, according to age, period of life, and personal physical or psychological vulnerability. On the other side, it is well documented that an appropriate choice of the formulation, maybe including therapeutic effects, facilitates the long-term adhesion to the method. This competence requires a thorough knowledge of the pharmacology of single preparations. Therefore a part of this chapter is the revision of the characteristics of various hormonal components of contraceptives in use. To follow is a synthesis of main contraindications, in agreement with current guidelines, and of therapeutic indications.