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The prevalence of type‐2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing significantly throughout the globe since the last decade. This heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, also known as insulin resistance, is caused by the disruption of the insulin signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the existence of various miRNAs involved in regulating the main protein cascades in the insulin signaling pathway that affect insulin resistance. The influence of miRNAs (miR‐7, miR‐124a, miR‐9, miR‐96, miR‐15a/b, miR‐34a, miR‐195, miR‐376, miR‐103, miR‐107, and miR‐146) in insulin secretion and beta (β) cell development has been well discussed. Here, we highlight the role of miRNAs in different significant protein cascades within the insulin signaling pathway such as miR‐320, miR‐383, miR‐181b with IGF‐1, and its receptor (IGF1R); miR‐128a, miR‐96, miR‐126 with insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins; miR‐29, miR‐384 …