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This article addresses the appointment scheduling of outpatient surgeries in a multistage operating room (OR) department with stochastic service times serving multiple patient types. We discuss many challenges, such as the limited availability of multiple resources (e.g., staff, operating rooms, surgeons, and recovery beds), and the compatibility of patient and surgeon types. In addition, availability of surgeons is restricted by time window constraints. Three simulation-based optimization methods have been proposed to minimize the patients’ wait time, patients’ completion time, and number of surgery cancellations. The first method is simulation-based tabu search (STS). It combines discrete-event simulation and tabu search to schedule surgery cases. The second and third methods are integer programming enhanced tabu search (IPETS) and binary programming enhanced tabu search (BPETS). IPETS and BPETS …