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Efforts to introduce more efficient stoves increasingly leverage carbon-finance to scale up dissemination of interventions. We conducted a randomized intervention study to evaluate a Clean Development Mechanism approved stove replacement impact on fuelwood usage, and climate and health-relevant air pollutants. We randomly assigned 187 households to either receive the intervention or to continue using traditional stoves. Measurements of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and absorbance were conducted in cooking areas, village center and at upwind background site. There were minor and overlapping seasonal differences (post- minus preintervention change) between control and intervention groups for median (95% CI) fuel use (−0.60 (−1.02, −0.22) vs −0.52 (−1.07, 0.00) kg day^–1), and 24 h absorbance (35 (18, 60) vs 36 (22, 50) × 10^–6 m^–1); for 24 h PM_2.5, there was a higher (139 (61,229) vs 73(−6, 156 …