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Methods

For basin-wide analysis, we analysed Δ EVI, corrected on a per-pixel basis, in 197,651 valid pixels (from figure 3 of ref. 7, data courtesy of DC Morton). For tower comparisons, we averaged valid pixels from both extended data figure 7 of ref. 7 (corrected with a simplified approach that retrieved Δ EVI for more area,~ 2× 106 pixels, including around towers), and from the independent sun-sensor geometry corrected MAIAC EVI product 10, in 5 km grids around towers (11 km around CAX, to obtain sufficient data; Fig. 2b). Tower-based 95% confidences are boot-strapped June–October changes in photosynthetic capacity. Photosynthetic capacity is eddy-flux-derived gross primary productivity (from ref. 4) averaged under reference environmental conditions, an estimate of photosynthetic infrastructure independent of environment and (with additional binning) sun angle. Reference bins were: light (1,350±200 μ …