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The concept of temperament is useful for distinguishing between one child and another and between the child and the social environment. Temperament traits have been regarded as the core of personality and have been shown by research to have important associations with developmental psychopathology. For decades, developmental psychopathology research using temperament has been growing vigorously. We found 1,441 peer-reviewed articles on temperament published between 2009 and June of 2012. Seventy percent of these considered temperament in relation to concepts representing the broader domain of developmental psychopathology, such as behavior problems, externalizing, internalizing, and psychiatric diagnoses. Consistent with the vigor of this area of research, numerous major reviews, edited volumes, and monographs on temperament’s relations with developmental …