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Although the number of prisoners has risen globally, educational efforts to help them return to society as productive members have yielded only mixed results. We propose that entrepreneurship education might be particularly valuable for prisoners because self-employment as an occupational career path can help overcome potential employers' discriminatory attitudes toward ex-prisoners, and by developing an entrepreneurial mind-set, individuals whose career paths have been terminated can begin to form an attitudinal foundation from which to rebuild a future. Using a multiple case study method to analyze 12 participants of a European prison entrepreneurship educational program, we find that without a “personal agency mind-set—namely, the set of assumptions, belief systems, and self-regulation capabilities through which individuals intentionally exercise influence (i.e., act) as opposed to residing as a …