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Goal setting theory was first presented in our 1990 book, A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance. The theory was based on close to 400 studies. Since 1990, over 600 additional studies have been done (Mitchell & Daniels, 2003), and the use of goal setting has expanded into many domains including education, leadership, psychotherapy, health promotion, creativity, bargaining, sports, and entrepreneurship, among others. Furthermore, new discoveries have been made about the core elements of goal setting; for example, mediators, moderators, learning goals, and subconsciously primed goals have been added to the theory. Long-term quantitative data have been reported. Qualitative data have been reported based on the use of goals in large organizations. The avalanche of new data was too much for two people to handle in a reasonable time span. Thus, we asked authors who had expertise in goal …