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Certain polymers can be excited by electric, chemical, pneumatic, optical, or magnetic field to change their shape or size. For convenience and practical actuation, using electrical excitation is the most attractive stimulation method and the related materials are known as electroactive polymers (EAP) and artificial muscles. One of the attractive applications that are considered for EAP materials is biologically inspired capabilities, i.e., biomimetics, and successes have been reported that previously were considered science fiction concepts. Today, there are many known EAP materials. Some of the EAP materials also exhibit the reverse effect of converting mechanical strain to electrical signal allowing using them as sensors and energy harvesters. Efforts are made worldwide to turn EAP materials to actuators-of-choice and they involve developing their scientific and engineering foundations including the …