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Genetic selection has been a very successful tool for the long-term improvement of livestock populations, and the rapid adoption of genomic selection over the last decade has doubled the rate of gain in some populations. However, the full expression of genetic potential requires that animals are placed in environments that support such performance. Increasingly complex dairy cattle production systems require that all aspects of animal performance are measured across individuals’ lifetimes. Selection emphasis is shifting away from traits related to animal productivity towards those related to efficient resource utilization and increased animal welfare. However, phenotypes for many of these new traits are difficult or expensive to measure, or both. This is driving interest in sensor-based systems that provide continuous measurements of the farm environment, individual animal performance, and detailed milk …