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Whatever the exact figures, world energy consumption, particularly electricity consumption, can increase significantly during couple of decades. It is not possible solely due to demographic pressure, but also due to expansion of living standards within the less developed countries. Hydropower has reached high levels of technical sophistication in power generation as compared with other renewable energy sources. The paper discusses recent hydropower optimization research and development activities using metaheuristic approach. The article discusses emerging attempts to promote the optimization of hydropower. It provides a comprehensive analysis of recent attempts to extend the operating policies of hydraulic structures to reach extraordinary degrees of versatility, a subject of many recent research projects using metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, groundbreaking technologies for hydroelectric energy …