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Compared to the traditional nanofiltration (NF) membrane with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) below 500 Da, an emerging loose NF (LNF) membrane with MWCO of 500 ~ 2000 Da has attracted increasing interests due to its higher selectivity and lower operating pressure, which exhibited distinct advantages in resource recovery from biomass and wastewater. This review summarizes the development of the LNF membranes, focusing on their preparations and applications. Regarding the membrane preparation, phase inversion and interfacial polymerization are the two leading and scalable fabrication methods, and other methods including dip coating, mussel-inspired deposition, self-assembly, grafting polymerization, and nanomaterials assembly/growth are also widely studied at a laboratory scale. As for the application of LNF, the fractionation of saccharides, polyphenols, and pigments for bioresource recovery …