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Tracking ground support equipment (GSE) in a high accuracy manner is crucial for both airport safety and optimal management of airport assets but the related researches and products are scarce. Tracking a multi-carriage logistics train is obviously most challenging compared with other single-carriage GSE. In this paper, we design a real-time on-board positioning and heading system (ROPHS) to obtain the real-time status of a multi-carriage logistics train which consists of a powered leading vehicle and one or several non-powered trailing vehicles. The status includes: (a) the accurate positions and velocities of any points on this train, and (b) the alterable number and linking sequence of trailing vehicles at any time of a trip. Technically, the hardware of the system relies on real-time kinematic (RTK) to obtain geolocation of the leading vehicle, and on gyroscopes, magnetometers and accelerometers to obtain …