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This chapter provides a broad overview of the construction of the scholarly study of classical Islamic law pertaining to women and gender from the nineteenth century through the present. Such studies typically focus on the rediscovery and reinterpretation of the foundational texts of the Qur’ān and ḥadīth and on the distinction between Sharīʿa as universal values and objectives of the law versus fiqh as human-developed jurisprudence particular to a given context. Deconstruction of categories of women, rights and duties, and classical legal literature are engaged with attention to marriage, divorce, motherhood, and children.