Authors
Hong Xiang, Lixin Ge, Liang Liu, Tianshu Jiang, ZQ Zhang, Che Ting Chan, Dezhuan Han
Publication date
2017/1/15
Journal
Physical Review B
Volume
95
Issue
4
Pages
045403
Publisher
American Physical Society
Description
It is well known that a closed loop of magnetic dipoles can give rise to the rather elusive toroidal moment. However, artificial structures required to generate the necessary magnetic moments in metamaterials are typically optically large, complex to make, and easily compromised by the kinetic inductance at high frequencies. Instead of using magnetic dipoles, we propose a minimal model based on just three aligned discrete electric dipoles in which the occurrence of resonant toroidal modes is guaranteed by symmetry. The advantage of this model is its simplicity and the same model supports toroidal moments from the microwave regime up to optical frequencies as exemplified by a three-antenna array and a system consisting of three nanosized plasmonic particles. Both the microwave and high-frequency configurations exhibit nonradiating “anapoles.” Experiments in the microwave regime confirm the theoretical …
Total citations
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Scholar articles
H Xiang, L Ge, L Liu, T Jiang, ZQ Zhang, CT Chan… - Physical Review B, 2017