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In order to properly design pedestrian spaces, it is important to consider pedestrian safety and comfort. Recently, with the rapid progress of virtual reality (VR) technologies, reproducing objects closer to VR users has become easier. Therefore, VR systems are expected to be valuable tools for evaluating safety and comfort from the pedestrians’ viewpoint. In particular, VR enables users to interact not only with ordinary vehicles but also with surrounding pedestrians or personal mobility vehicles, and thus a wider range of applications are expected. However, most attempts to validate VR performance have so far have been limited to cases of pedestrians encountering ordinary vehicles. In this research, pedestrians’ cognition and behavioral characteristics toward other pedestrians and personal mobility vehicles were analyzed by comparing those measured in VR and in real spaces. It was shown that the perception of …