Authors
Rajesh Nithyanandam, Tsu Weng Huan, NH Thy
Publication date
2015/4/1
Journal
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
15-25
Description
A patch of black water as the size of a football field has been spotted at Ferringhi beach. The black water stretching for about 100m from the Sungai Batu Ferringhi, is believed to be the source of the pollution. The aim of this study is to investigate the current water quality index of Sungai Batu Ferringhi and classify it in accordance to the Water Quality Index (WQI) Malaysia. WQI is a very useful tool to determine the water quality of the surface water by mean of water quality assessment from the determination of physico-chemical parameters. The chemical parameters tested include Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N), while physical parameters include pH, temperature and suspended solid (SS). An external biological parameter, Escherichia Coli (E-coli) has been tested to investigate the current concentration of bacteria from Sungai Batu Ferringhi. The concentration of E. coli has been reduced from 16,000 cfu/100ml to 900 cfu/100ml. Measuring procedures of all physic-chemical parameters are in accordance to American Public Health Association (APHA) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. Calculation of WQI is based on DOE-WQI using six parameters (pH, DO, SS, BOD, COD and NH3-N). The calculated values of WQI at three location A and B are 84.12 and 85.00 classified as Class I considered clean, while WQI for location C is 79.73 classified as Class II considered slightly polluted based on DOE Water Quality Index Classification. The overall WQI obtained was 82.95 and Sungai Batu Ferringhi was classified as …
Total citations
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Scholar articles
R Nithyanandam, TW Huan, NH Thy - Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2015