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Real-time size, mass and number particle concentrations, and emission rates in university laboratories producing nanoparticles by scalable flame spray pyrolysis are quantified. Measurements were conducted in four laboratories using various technological set-ups and during production of particles of a range of compositions with differing physical–chemical properties, from NaCl salt, BiPO₄, CaSO₄, Bi₂O₃, insoluble TiO₂, SiO₂, and WO₃ to composites such as Cu/ZnO, Cu/SiO₂, Cu/ZrO₂, Ta₂O₅/SiO₂, and Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃. Production time ranged from 0.25 to 400 min and yields from 0.33 to 183 g. Temporal and spatial analyses of the particle concentrations were performed indicating that elevated number concentrations in the workplace can occur. Airborne submicron number concentrations increased from background levels of 2100 up to 106 000 cm⁻³ during production, while the mass concentration ranged …