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In this chapter we develop the concept of organizational de/humanization, drawing on the classic sociological work of Marx (1844/1961), Durkheim (1897/2006), and Weber (1905/1976) and more recent work on the social psychology of dehumanization. We position de/humanization in an ontological relationship with organizational in/justice. We identify personal agency and self-actualization as the central shared concerns of anomie, alienation, dehumanization, and organizational justice. We first review the theoretical literature, exploring the relationships between the core concepts of agency, dehumanization, and organizational justice and discussing related constructs such as anomie, deindividuation, and Haslam's (2006) typology of dehumanization. We then discuss a research program, introducing our organizational de/humanization scale and reviewing existing research that sheds light on mediating and …