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Based on a revised version of the Schwartz (1992) theory of basic human values, the Portrait Values Questionnaire 5X Value Survey (PVQ5X Value Survey; Schwartz et al., 2012) was developed to assess basic individual values. Separate gender-matched versions of the value survey, differing only in pronouns, were developed. The survey consists of 57 values items followed by 33 attitude, opinion, personality, and background items. For the value items, three sets of 19 items were formed with one item per value: Self-direction–thought, Self-direction–action, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power–dominance, Power–resources, Face, Security–personal, Security–societal, Tradition, Conformity–rules, Conformity-interpersonal, Humility, Benevolence–dependability, Benevolence–caring, Universalism–concern, Universalism–nature, Universalism–tolerance. After randomizing each set, they were combined so …