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This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book addresses questions of conceptualization and measurement. It presents a systematic review of research in comparative context, discusses the conceptualization and measurement of political incivility cross nationally pointing out hurdles that people need to overcome. The book explores the concept of anti-democratic discourse, i.e. a particular form of uncivil discourse that attacks and undermines values of liberal democracy, which they assess in Germany and Hungary. It describes a sentiment analysis procedure for a graded measure of incivility using Austrian parliamentary speeches. The book focuses on political incivility in the context of parliament. It examines the substantial increase in archaic derogatory language in Polish Parliament in the last quarter century. The book presents work on …