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This paper provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for a multi-degrees-of-freedom linear potential system with an arbitrary damping matrix to be uncoupled into independent subsystems of at most two degrees-of-freedom using a real orthogonal transformation. The incorporation of additional information about the matrices, which many structural and mechanical systems commonly possess, shows a reduction in the number of these conditions to three. Several new results are obtained and are illustrated through examples. A useful general form for the damping matrix is developed that guarantees the uncoupling of such systems when they satisfy just two conditions. The results provided herein lead to new physical insights into the dynamical behavior of potential systems with general damping matrices and robust computational procedures. It is shown that the dynamics of a damped potential system in which …