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The land and tree resources management needs to involve local communities with a customary basis to preserve it. For that purpose, the research aims are to develop the concept of land and tree tenure-based Dalihan natolu customs in trees management of South Tapanuli. Exploratory research method is to describe and develop the concept of land and tree tenure in Dalihan natolu society of South Tapanuli, North Sumatra. Results show the pattern of land and tree tenure on Batak Mandailing-Angkola society shows the typical character-based custom Dalihan Natolu. Role of Dalihan natolu with elements Mora, Kahanggi and Anakboru vary between elements. Dalihan Natolu important role related to the transfer of rights to the land, and the rights of the multipurpose trees, especially rubber, coffee and salacca. Kahanggi element is the top priority in the transfer of rights over land and trees. While Mora plays a bigger role in case of conflicts in land and tree tenure. Anakboru play a role in helping Mora and Kahanggi activity in land and trees use.