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This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book explores the process of region formation of the New South American Regionalism (NSAR) in multidimensional levels of development with entrance sometimes by country other than by topics shaped by and shaping the dynamic between regionalism and regionalization. It examines the origin of Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) as multidimensional, post-neoliberal, and institutionalized regionalism on the scale of the South American subcontinent and above all its political focus on development. The book reviews the historical diplomatic path of regionalism and integration in Latin America in order to remark on the different features of the structure of UNSASUR and its relations with all minor blocs. It discusses some of the challenges to secure further improvements in market and social …