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Among these attempts, the works of Gellman (1959); Raskin (1956); Siller, Chipman, Ferguson, and Vann (1967); and Wright (1960) are often singled out. In addition, a plethora of theoretical and empirical work has been directed toward the narrower goal of advancing and supporting a specific cause (often referred to as root or base) for negative attitudes toward disability (see Goffman, 1963; Meng, 1938; Parsons, 1951; Schilder, 1935).